Potential Exposures and Lessons Learned from Industrial Radiological Accidents
نویسندگان
چکیده
Ionizing radiation is used in many industrial practices such as industrial radiography, nuclear gauges, petroleum well logging and industrial irradiators. These practices can result in radiation exposures whose intensity can be foreseen with some level of certainty. They are called normal exposures. Nevertheless, in routine practices other type of exposures can also occur. They are called potential exposures. Potential exposure is exposure that, while not certain to occur, can be anticipated and to which a probability of occurrence can be assigned. In industrial radiography, the dose rates near the gamma radiography apparatus or X-ray equipments are high enough to cause, in a few seconds, serious injuries to extremities of the human body, leading to amputation. In industrial irradiators, the radiation sources employed have very high activities, with consequent high potential for causing serious accidents that could lead to severe injuries or even death. One of the most important lessons learned from radiological accidents is the relevance of probabilistic safety assessment (PSA). This can be very useful to elucidate the main human errors or equipment faults. The lessons learned from radiological accidents improve the knowledge and comprehension of the mechanisms and event sequences leading to potential exposure.
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